go-linters

Go Linters

Use this guide when adding a new custom Go analysis linter in this repository.

For PR-driven linter generation (derive a rule from a specific pull request pattern), use .github/skills/pr-to-go-linter/SKILL.md.

Where to add a new linter

1. Create a new package under pkg/linters/<linter-name>/.
2. Define an analyzer in that package (exported as Analyzer).
3. Add tests in the same package using analysistest with fixtures under testdata/src/....
4. Register the analyzer in cmd/linters/main.go so it runs via the multichecker binary.

Build and test linters

• Test only your linter package:
  • go test ./pkg/linters/<linter-name>/...
• Build the custom linter runner:
  • go build ./cmd/linters
• Run all custom linters across the repo:
  • make golint-custom

make golint-custom builds cmd/linters and runs it against ./cmd/... and ./pkg/....

Common AST pitfalls

Unwrap parenthesized expressions

Expressions wrapped in parentheses appear as *ast.ParenExpr. Unwrap expressions before asserting their AST type or comparing identifiers, so forms such as (nil) and (err) are handled like nil and err. Use the shared helper:

if ident, ok := astutil.UnwrapParenExpr(expr).(*ast.Ident); ok && ident.Name == "nil" {
	// Handle nil.
}

Match all relevant statement shapes

Semantically similar calls can appear in different statement nodes. A call that discards a result may be a bare *ast.ExprStmt or part of an *ast.AssignStmt; filtering only for one shape misses the other. Include and handle each relevant node shape:

nodeFilter := []ast.Node{(*ast.AssignStmt)(nil), (*ast.ExprStmt)(nil)}
return analyzerutil.Preorder(pass, nodeFilter, func(n ast.Node) {
	switch stmt := n.(type) {
	case *ast.AssignStmt:
		analyzeAssign(stmt)
	case *ast.ExprStmt:
		analyzeExpr(stmt)
	}
})

Before submitting a linter, check expression-shape assertions for parenthesis unwrapping and verify its node filter covers relevant equivalent syntax forms.

Coverage-aware perf gating

For linters that flag micro-optimizations (allocation/perf rules), only apply them on lines that tests actually exercise — "hot paths" — rather than on dead or rarely-executed code where the optimization brings no measurable benefit. Use the shared pkg/linters/internal/coverage package:

1. In your analyzer file, register a -hot-threshold flag in init() (not as a var initializer, to avoid an Analyzer/run/flag initialization cycle):

   var hotThreshold *int
   
   func init() {
       hotThreshold = coverage.RegisterHotThresholdFlag(Analyzer)
   }
   

2. Immediately before reporting a diagnostic, gate it with coverage.ShouldApply:

   if !coverage.ShouldApply(pass, node.Pos(), *hotThreshold) {
       return
   }
   

coverage.ShouldApply is permissive by default: when no coverage profile is loaded via the GH_AW_LINT_COVERAGE_PROFILE environment variable, or when hot-threshold is 0, it always returns true, preserving pre-coverage-aware behavior. Only wire this into linters whose fix has a genuine performance rationale (extra allocations, O(n²) behavior, etc.) — purely readability/style linters should not be coverage-gated.

Generating the coverage profile

go test -covermode=count -coverprofile=/tmp/coverage.out ./...
export GH_AW_LINT_COVERAGE_PROFILE=/tmp/coverage.out
make golint-custom

This profile is read once per linter-runner process. To lint only a specific subtree, scope the go test and golint-custom commands to the same package path.