winapp-troubleshoot

作者: microsoft

诊断并修复常见的Windows应用打包、签名、标识和SDK错误。在遇到MSIX打包、证书签名等问题时使用。

npx skills add https://github.com/microsoft/winappcli --skill winapp-troubleshoot

If you can't run winapp yourself (no shell, or the command is denied), give the user the exact winapp command(s) for their project instead of only describing the steps.

When to use

Use this skill when:

  • Diagnosing errors from winapp CLI commands
  • Choosing the right command for a task
  • Understanding prerequisites — what each command needs and what it produces

Common errors & solutions

For slow WinUI layout or scrolling, use the winapp-performance skill. ETW performance capture is separate from debugger output and crash analysis.

ErrorCauseSolution
"winapp.yaml not found"Running restore or update without configRun winapp init first, or cd to the directory containing winapp.yaml
"Package.appxmanifest not found"Running package, create-debug-identity, or cert generate --manifestRun winapp init or winapp manifest generate first, or pass --manifest <path>
"Publisher mismatch"Certificate publisher ≠ manifest publisherRegenerate cert: winapp cert generate --manifest, or edit Package.appxmanifest Identity.Publisher to match
"Access denied" / "elevation required"cert install without adminRun terminal as Administrator for winapp cert install
"Package installation failed"Cert not trusted, or stale package registrationFor a certificate error, winapp cert install ./devcert.pfx (admin). For registration conflicts, see the rows below rather than deleting packages by name
"Certificate not trusted"Dev cert not installed on machinewinapp cert install ./devcert.pfx (admin)
"Build tools not found"First run, tools not yet downloadedRun winapp update to download tools; ensure internet access
"Failed to add package identity"Stale debug identity or untrusted certRun winapp unregister with your app's input (or --manifest for create-debug-identity); install a certificate only if the error asks for it
"Certificate file already exists"devcert.pfx already presentUse winapp cert generate --if-exists overwrite or --if-exists skip
"Manifest already exists"Package.appxmanifest already presentUse winapp manifest generate --if-exists overwrite or edit manifest directly
run / create-debug-identity registration error 0x800704ECDeveloper Mode is disabledEnable it in Settings → Privacy & security → For developers, or Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\AppModelUnlock' -Name AllowDevelopmentWithoutDevLicense -Value 1, then retry
Two worktrees of the same app keep replacing each other's registrationBoth copies share one package identityRun each with winapp run . --unique-identity (supported packaged apps) so each gets its own identity and app data
run / create-debug-identity registration error 0x80073CFBPackage already registered with a conflicting identityRun winapp unregister with your app's input, then retry. Use --force only if you are sure the same-named package registered elsewhere is yours
App's Start menu entry launches nothing, silentlyPackage still registered after its files were deletedRun winapp unregister --prune to remove every dev registration whose files are gone
run reports access denied or a file in use during a rebuildPermissions or a file held open; access denied alone does not identify a lock ownerCheck the reported paths and permissions. winapp run closes a copy of the app running from the same layout before replacing its files; close any other process holding the file and retry.
"winapp can't write the API index" / "can't install the Microsoft Store Developer CLI"%USERPROFILE%\.winapp isn't writable (for example, an agent sandbox)Set WINAPP_CLI_CACHE_DIRECTORY to a writable folder, such as one inside the project, and retry. Other commands keep working without it

For --unique-identity errors about unsupported extensions or resources, see unique identity for parallel checkouts. Run without the flag instead of working around the check.

Command selection guide

Is the app a single .cs file (.NET file-based app)?
├─ Yes → winapp run <file>.cs  (builds it and generates the manifest for you)
└─ No → Does the project have a Package.appxmanifest?
   ├─ No → Do you want full setup (manifest + config + optional SDKs)?
   │       ├─ Yes → winapp init (adds Windows platform files to existing project)
   │       └─ No, just a manifest → winapp manifest generate
   └─ Yes
      ├─ Has winapp.yaml, cloned/pulled but .winapp/ folder missing?
      │  └─ winapp restore
      ├─ Want newer SDK versions?
      │  └─ winapp update
      ├─ Need a dev certificate?
      │  └─ winapp cert generate (then winapp cert install for trust)
      ├─ Need package identity for debugging? (see [Debugging Guide](https://github.com/microsoft/WinAppCli/blob/main/docs/debugging.md))
      │  ├─ Exe is in your build output folder? (most frameworks)
      │  │  └─ winapp run <build-output-dir>
      │  └─ Exe is separate from app code? (Electron, sparse testing)
      │     └─ winapp create-debug-identity <exe>
      ├─ Ready to create MSIX installer?
      │  └─ winapp package <build-output> --cert ./devcert.pfx
      ├─ Need to sign an existing file?
      │  └─ winapp sign <file> <cert>
      ├─ Need to update app icons?
      │  └─ winapp manifest update-assets ./logo.png
      ├─ Need to run SDK tools directly?
      │  └─ winapp tool <toolname> <args>
      ├─ Need to publish to Microsoft Store?
      │  └─ winapp store <args> (passthrough to Store Developer CLI)
      └─ Need the .winapp directory path for build scripts?
         └─ winapp get-winapp-path (or --global for shared cache)

Important notes:

  • winapp init adds files to an existing project — it does not create a new project
  • The key prerequisite for most commands is Package.appxmanifest, not winapp.yaml
  • winapp.yaml is only needed for SDK version management (restore/update)
  • Projects with NuGet package references (e.g., .csproj referencing Microsoft.Windows.SDK.BuildTools) can use winapp commands without winapp.yaml
  • For Electron projects, use the npm package (npm install --save-dev @microsoft/winappcli) which includes Node.js-specific commands under npx winapp node

Debugging approach quick reference

GoalCommandKey detail
Run with identity (most common)winapp run .\build\DebugRegisters loose layout + launches; a console app gets an execution alias automatically
Attach debugger to running appwinapp run .\build\Debug → attach to PIDMisses startup code
Register identity, launch manuallywinapp run .\build\Debug --no-launchLaunch via start shell:AppsFolder\<AUMID> or execution alias — not the exe directly
F5 startup debugging (IDE launches exe)winapp create-debug-identity .\bin\myapp.exeExe has identity regardless of how it's launched; best for debugging activation/startup code
Capture OutputDebugString + crash dumpwinapp run .\build\Debug --debug-outputOn crash, writes minidump and shows exception type, message, and faulting methods. Blocks other debuggers — use --no-launch if you need VS Code/WinDbg
Run and auto-cleanwinapp run .\build\Debug --unregister-on-exitUnregisters the dev package after the app exits
Launch and detach (CI)winapp run .\build\Debug --detachReturns immediately after launch; use --json to get PID for scripting
Clean up this app's registrationwinapp unregister .Pass the same input as run; works with or without --unique-identity
Start menu entry does nothing when clickedwinapp unregister --pruneThe package is registered but its files were deleted, so activation silently fails. Prune removes every dev registration whose files are gone

Visual Studio users: If you have a packaging project, VS already handles identity and debugging from F5 — you likely don't need winapp for debugging. These workflows are for VS Code, terminal, and frameworks VS doesn't natively package.

For full details, see the Debugging Guide.

Prerequisites & state matrix

CommandRequiresCreates/Modifies
initExisting project (any framework)winapp.yaml, .winapp/, Package.appxmanifest, Assets/, .gitignore update
restorewinapp.yaml.winapp/packages/, generated projections
updatewinapp.yamlUpdates versions in winapp.yaml, reinstalls packages
manifest generateNothingPackage.appxmanifest, Assets/
manifest update-assetsPackage.appxmanifest + source imageRegenerates Assets/ icons
cert generateNothing (or Package.appxmanifest for publisher)devcert.pfx
cert installCertificate file + adminMachine certificate store
create-debug-identityPackage.appxmanifest + exe + trusted certRegisters sparse package with Windows
runBuild output folder + Package.appxmanifest; or a .csproj/.vcxproj/.sln (C++ needs Visual Studio or Build Tools with the C++ workload); or a .cs file-based app (no manifest needed — one is generated)Registers loose layout package, launches app
unregisterThe same input passed to run (.cs, .csproj/.vcxproj, or folder), or --manifestRemoves the development registration that run or create-debug-identity created
packageBuild output + Package.appxmanifest.msix file
signFile + certificateSigned file (in-place)
create-external-catalogDirectory with executablesCodeIntegrityExternal.cat
tool <name>Nothing (auto-downloads tools)Runs SDK tool directly
storeNothing (auto-downloads Store CLI)Passthrough to Microsoft Store Developer CLI
get-winapp-pathNothingPrints .winapp directory path

Debugging tips

  • Add --verbose (or -v) to any command for detailed output
  • Add --quiet (or -q) to suppress progress messages (useful in CI/CD)
  • Run winapp --cli-schema to get the full JSON schema of all commands and options
  • Run any command with --help for its specific usage information
  • Use winapp get-winapp-path to find where packages are stored locally
  • Use winapp get-winapp-path --global to find the shared cache location

Getting more help

Related skills

  • Setup & init: winapp-setup — adding Windows support to a project
  • Manifest: winapp-manifest — creating and editing Package.appxmanifest
  • Signing: winapp-signing — certificate generation and management
  • Packaging: winapp-package — creating MSIX installers
  • Identity: winapp-identity — enabling package identity for Windows APIs
  • Frameworks: winapp-frameworks — framework-specific guidance (Electron, .NET, C++, Rust, Flutter, Tauri)
  • MAUI: winapp-maui — packaging/signing .NET MAUI Windows apps and resolving the resizetizer manifest

CLI reference

Run winapp <command> --help for current command options, or winapp --cli-schema for the complete machine-readable command schema.

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