rocm-kernels

ROCm Triton Kernels for Diffusers & Transformers

This skill provides patterns and guidance for developing optimized Triton kernels targeting AMD GPUs (MI355X, R9700) on ROCm, for use with HuggingFace diffusers (LTX-Video, SD3, FLUX) and transformers libraries.

Quick Start

Diffusers (LTX-Video)

Inject optimized kernels into LTX-Video pipeline:

import os
os.environ['TRITON_HIP_USE_BLOCK_PINGPONG'] = '1'
os.environ['TRITON_HIP_USE_ASYNC_COPY'] = '1'

from diffusers import LTXPipeline
pipe = LTXPipeline.from_pretrained("Lightricks/LTX-Video", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
pipe.to("cuda")  # ROCm uses same API via HIP
inject_optimized_kernels(pipe)  # BEFORE CPU offloading
pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload()

For a minimal integration example (~150 lines):

python scripts/ltx_kernel_injection_example.py

Isolated Kernel Micro-benchmarks

# All 4 kernels: correctness + performance + bandwidth
python scripts/benchmark_kernels.py

# Single kernel
python scripts/benchmark_kernels.py --kernel rmsnorm
python scripts/benchmark_kernels.py --kernel rope
python scripts/benchmark_kernels.py --kernel geglu
python scripts/benchmark_kernels.py --kernel adaln

End-to-End Pipeline Benchmark

# Compare baseline vs Triton vs torch.compile
python scripts/benchmark_e2e.py --mode all

# Quick test
python scripts/benchmark_e2e.py --mode triton --num-frames 9 --steps 5

# Save results for comparison
python scripts/benchmark_e2e.py --mode all --output-json results.json

Target Model: LTX-Video

Architecture Overview

Component	Class	Has Weight	Count	Kernel
transformer_blocks.*.norm1	RMSNorm	No (elementwise_affine=False)	56	RMSNorm
transformer_blocks.*.norm2	RMSNorm	No	56	RMSNorm
transformer_blocks.*.attn1.norm_q	torch.nn.RMSNorm	Yes	28	RMSNorm
transformer_blocks.*.attn1.norm_k	torch.nn.RMSNorm	Yes	28	RMSNorm
transformer_blocks.*.ff	FeedForward	-	28	GELU (not GEGLU!)
Rotary position encoding	LTXVideoRotaryPosEmbed	-	1	RoPE 3D

Total RMSNorm modules: 168 (56 with weights, 112 without)

Target Kernels

Kernel	Use Case	Input Layout	Key Challenge
RMSNorm	Normalization	[..., hidden_size]	Weight may be None; 168 instances
RoPE 3D	Video position encoding	[batch, t*h*w, heads, head_dim]	3D → temporal + spatial decomposition
GEGLU	Gated activation (SD3/FLUX)	[batch, seq, 2*hidden] → [batch, seq, hidden]	Gate/value split
AdaLN	Conditioned normalization (DiT)	norm(x) * weight * (1+scale) + shift	Fused norm + condition

Supported Hardware

GPU	Architecture	Wave Size	LDS/CU	Mem BW	Key Feature	Verified
MI355X	CDNA3+ (gfx950)	Wave64	160 KB	8 TB/s	32 XCDs, XCD Swizzle for GEMM	Yes
R9700	RDNA4 (gfx1201)	Wave32	64 KB	~608 GB/s	256B cacheline, inference-focused	Yes

See MI355X guide | R9700 guide

When This Skill Applies

Use this skill when:

• Writing Triton kernels for RMSNorm, RoPE, GEGLU, AdaLN on AMD GPUs
• Integrating custom kernels with diffusers pipelines (LTX-Video, SD3, FLUX)
• Benchmarking kernel performance against PyTorch baseline on ROCm
• Optimizing existing kernels for MI355X or R9700 architecture
• Debugging ROCm/HIP-specific kernel issues

Critical ROCm Constraints

Things That DON'T Work on AMD

# FORBIDDEN - CUDA only, NOT available on ROCm
tl.libdevice.tanh(x)          # Use manual formula below
tl.libdevice.log1p(x)         # Use: tl.log(1.0 + x)
tl.math.tanh(x)               # Also NOT available on ROCm Triton

# Manual tanh (ONLY reliable method on ROCm):
e2x = tl.exp(2.0 * x)
tanh_x = (e2x - 1.0) / (e2x + 1.0)

# FORBIDDEN - Triton limitations on ROCm
break / continue               # Use: tl.where()
min(a, b) / max(a, b)          # Use: tl.minimum(a, b) / tl.maximum(a, b)

Mandatory Environment Variables

import os
os.environ['TRITON_HIP_USE_BLOCK_PINGPONG'] = '1'
os.environ['TRITON_HIP_USE_ASYNC_COPY'] = '1'

Core Kernel Implementations

1. RMSNorm (Core Optimization Target)

Row-wise reduction pattern. 168 instances in LTX-Video, ~5% of total compute.

CRITICAL: Do NOT autotune BLOCK_D. Autotune may pick BLOCK_D < D, causing partial row processing and wrong results. Always compute BLOCK_D = triton.next_power_of_2(D) in the Python wrapper.

@triton.jit
def rmsnorm_kernel(
    x_ptr, weight_ptr, out_ptr,
    stride_x, D,
    eps: tl.constexpr,
    HAS_WEIGHT: tl.constexpr,
    BLOCK_D: tl.constexpr,
):
    row = tl.program_id(0)
    offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_D)
    mask = offs < D
    x = tl.load(x_ptr + row * stride_x + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)

    variance = tl.sum(x * x, axis=0) / D
    rms_inv = tl.rsqrt(variance + eps)

    if HAS_WEIGHT:
        w = tl.load(weight_ptr + offs, mask=mask, other=1.0).to(tl.float32)
        out = x * rms_inv * w
    else:
        out = x * rms_inv

    tl.store(out_ptr + row * stride_x + offs, out.to(x.dtype), mask=mask)


def triton_rmsnorm(x, weight=None, eps=1e-6):
    x_2d = x.contiguous().view(-1, x.shape[-1])
    out = torch.empty_like(x_2d)
    M, D = x_2d.shape
    has_weight = weight is not None
    if not has_weight:
        weight = torch.empty(0, device=x.device)

    BLOCK_D = triton.next_power_of_2(D)
    num_warps = 4 if BLOCK_D <= 1024 else (8 if BLOCK_D <= 4096 else 16)
    rmsnorm_kernel[(M,)](
        x_2d, weight, out, x_2d.stride(0), D, eps, has_weight,
        BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D, num_warps=num_warps, num_stages=2,
    )
    return out.view_as(x)

LTX-Video pitfall: Weight may be None!

has_weight = hasattr(module, 'weight') and module.weight is not None

2. RoPE 3D (Video Position Encoding)

Element-wise pattern. LTX-Video splits head_dim into temporal + spatial components.

CRITICAL: cos/sin have shape [seq_len, head_dim]. When grid flattens batch dimension (batch * seq_len), use pid_s % seq_len to index cos/sin, otherwise batch > 1 causes OOB GPU crash.

@triton.jit
def rope_3d_kernel(
    qk_ptr, cos_ptr, sin_ptr, out_ptr,
    seq_len, num_heads, head_dim,
    stride_s, stride_h, stride_d,
    BLOCK_HD: tl.constexpr,
):
    pid_s = tl.program_id(0)  # batch * seq_len
    pid_h = tl.program_id(1)  # head index
    half_dim = head_dim // 2
    offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_HD)
    mask = offs < half_dim

    base = pid_s * stride_s + pid_h * stride_h
    x0 = tl.load(qk_ptr + base + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)
    x1 = tl.load(qk_ptr + base + half_dim + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)

    seq_idx = pid_s % seq_len  # wrap for batch > 1
    cos_val = tl.load(cos_ptr + seq_idx * head_dim + offs, mask=mask, other=1.0).to(tl.float32)
    sin_val = tl.load(sin_ptr + seq_idx * head_dim + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)

    out0 = x0 * cos_val - x1 * sin_val
    out1 = x0 * sin_val + x1 * cos_val

    tl.store(out_ptr + base + offs, out0.to(x0.dtype), mask=mask)
    tl.store(out_ptr + base + half_dim + offs, out1.to(x0.dtype), mask=mask)


def triton_rope_3d(qk, cos, sin):
    qk = qk.contiguous()
    out = torch.empty_like(qk)
    batch, seq_len, num_heads, head_dim = qk.shape
    qk_flat = qk.view(batch * seq_len, num_heads, head_dim)
    out_flat = out.view(batch * seq_len, num_heads, head_dim)
    BLOCK_HD = triton.next_power_of_2(head_dim // 2)
    num_warps = 4 if BLOCK_HD <= 64 else 8
    rope_3d_kernel[(batch * seq_len, num_heads)](
        qk_flat, cos, sin, out_flat,
        seq_len, num_heads, head_dim,
        qk_flat.stride(0), qk_flat.stride(1), qk_flat.stride(2),
        BLOCK_HD=BLOCK_HD, num_warps=num_warps, num_stages=2,
    )
    return out

3. GEGLU (For SD3/FLUX, NOT LTX-Video)

Element-wise gated activation. Input [batch, seq, 2*hidden] → Output [batch, seq, hidden].

Same BLOCK_SIZE rule: compute dynamically, do NOT autotune.

@triton.jit
def geglu_kernel(
    input_ptr, output_ptr,
    stride_in, stride_out, hidden_size,
    BLOCK_H: tl.constexpr,
):
    row = tl.program_id(0)
    offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_H)
    mask = offs < hidden_size

    gate = tl.load(input_ptr + row * stride_in + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)
    value = tl.load(input_ptr + row * stride_in + hidden_size + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)

    # GELU approx — manual tanh (tl.math.tanh NOT available on ROCm)
    k = 0.7978845608028654  # sqrt(2/pi)
    tanh_arg = k * (gate + 0.044715 * gate * gate * gate)
    e2x = tl.exp(2.0 * tanh_arg)
    tanh_val = (e2x - 1.0) / (e2x + 1.0)
    gate_gelu = 0.5 * gate * (1.0 + tanh_val)
    result = gate_gelu * value

    tl.store(output_ptr + row * stride_out + offs, result.to(gate.dtype), mask=mask)


def triton_geglu(x):
    x = x.contiguous()
    *batch_dims, double_h = x.shape
    hidden_size = double_h // 2
    x_2d = x.view(-1, double_h)
    M = x_2d.shape[0]
    out = torch.empty(M, hidden_size, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)
    BLOCK_H = triton.next_power_of_2(hidden_size)
    num_warps = 4 if BLOCK_H <= 1024 else (8 if BLOCK_H <= 4096 else 16)
    geglu_kernel[(M,)](
        x_2d, out, x_2d.stride(0), out.stride(0), hidden_size,
        BLOCK_H=BLOCK_H, num_warps=num_warps, num_stages=2,
    )
    return out.view(*batch_dims, hidden_size)

Warning: LTX-Video uses GELU, NOT GEGLU. GEGLU is for SD3/FLUX.

4. AdaLN (Adaptive Layer Normalization for DiT)

Fused normalization + conditioning: norm(x) * weight * (1 + scale) + shift

Same BLOCK_D rule: compute dynamically.

@triton.jit
def adaln_kernel(
    x_ptr, weight_ptr, scale_ptr, shift_ptr, out_ptr,
    stride_x, stride_cond, D,
    eps: tl.constexpr,
    BLOCK_D: tl.constexpr,
):
    row = tl.program_id(0)
    offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_D)
    mask = offs < D
    x = tl.load(x_ptr + row * stride_x + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)

    variance = tl.sum(x * x, axis=0) / D
    rms_inv = tl.rsqrt(variance + eps)
    x_norm = x * rms_inv

    w = tl.load(weight_ptr + offs, mask=mask, other=1.0).to(tl.float32)
    scale = tl.load(scale_ptr + row * stride_cond + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)
    shift = tl.load(shift_ptr + row * stride_cond + offs, mask=mask, other=0.0).to(tl.float32)

    out = x_norm * w * (1.0 + scale) + shift
    tl.store(out_ptr + row * stride_x + offs, out.to(x.dtype), mask=mask)


def triton_adaln(x, weight, scale, shift, eps=1e-6):
    x_flat = x.contiguous().view(-1, x.shape[-1])
    scale_flat = scale.contiguous().view(-1, x.shape[-1])
    shift_flat = shift.contiguous().view(-1, x.shape[-1])
    out = torch.empty_like(x_flat)
    M, D = x_flat.shape
    BLOCK_D = triton.next_power_of_2(D)
    num_warps = 4 if BLOCK_D <= 1024 else (8 if BLOCK_D <= 4096 else 16)
    adaln_kernel[(M,)](
        x_flat, weight, scale_flat, shift_flat, out,
        x_flat.stride(0), scale_flat.stride(0), D, eps,
        BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D, num_warps=num_warps, num_stages=2,
    )
    return out.view_as(x)

Diffusers Integration

See diffusers-integration.md for the complete guide.

Minimal Integration Pattern

def patch_rmsnorm_modules(model):
    """Patch all RMSNorm modules to use custom Triton kernel."""
    for name, module in model.named_modules():
        if type(module).__name__ == 'RMSNorm':
            eps = getattr(module, 'eps', 1e-6)
            has_weight = hasattr(module, 'weight') and module.weight is not None
            if has_weight:
                def make_forward(mod, epsilon):
                    def forward(x):
                        return triton_rmsnorm(x, mod.weight, eps=epsilon)
                    return forward
                module.forward = make_forward(module, eps)
            else:
                def make_forward(epsilon):
                    def forward(x):
                        w = torch.ones(x.shape[-1], device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)
                        return triton_rmsnorm(x, w, eps=epsilon)
                    return forward
                module.forward = make_forward(eps)

pipe = LTXPipeline.from_pretrained("Lightricks/LTX-Video", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
pipe.to("cuda")
patch_rmsnorm_modules(pipe.transformer)
pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload()

Diffusers Critical Pitfalls

1. RMSNorm weight may be None — LTX-Video uses elementwise_affine=False
2. Diffusers RMSNorm != torch.nn.RMSNorm — Use type(module).__name__ not isinstance()
3. LTX-Video uses GELU, not GEGLU — Don't patch GEGLU for LTX-Video
4. Inject BEFORE CPU offloading — inject_kernels() then enable_model_cpu_offload()

Performance Expectations

Micro-benchmark Results (MI355X, BF16)

Kernel	Avg Speedup	Best Config Speedup	Status
RMSNorm	1.71x	2.44x ([4×4096×3072])	PASS
RoPE 3D	1.21x	1.52x ([2×4096×16×128])	PASS
GEGLU	1.43x	2.13x ([4×4096×8192])	PASS
AdaLN	2.22x	2.77x ([4×4096×3072])	PASS

RMSNorm bandwidth utilization: 3554 GB/s (MI355X theoretical: 8 TB/s, ~44%).

End-to-End LTX-Video (MI355X, 25 frames, 30 steps)

Mode	Time (s)	Per Step (s)	Peak Mem (GB)	Speedup
baseline	1.20	0.040	18.58	1.00x
triton	0.98	0.033	18.58	1.22x
torch.compile	0.78	0.026	18.58	1.54x

Key finding: MI355X Triton E2E speedup (22%) is significantly higher than H100 CUDA reference (6%), because MI355X's default PyTorch RMSNorm path has more room for optimization.

Micro-benchmark Results (R9700, BF16)

Kernel	Avg Speedup	Best Config Speedup	Status
RMSNorm	2.90x	3.97x ([1×8192×2048])	PASS
RoPE 3D	2.09x	2.38x ([1×1024×16×64])	PASS
GEGLU	1.69x	1.93x ([2×1024×8192])	PASS
AdaLN	3.00x	3.67x ([4×4096×3072])	PASS

RMSNorm bandwidth utilization: 483 GB/s (R9700 theoretical: ~608 GB/s, ~79%).

R9700 speedups are higher than MI355X because PyTorch's default RDNA4 backend is less mature, leaving more room for Triton optimization. The bandwidth utilization (79%) is also significantly better than MI355X (44%).

End-to-End LTX-Video (R9700, 25 frames, 30 steps)

Mode	Time (s)	Per Step (s)	Peak Mem (GB)	Speedup
baseline (mean of 3)	6.91	0.231	18.58	1.00x
triton (mean of 3)	6.10	0.203	18.58	1.13x
torch.compile (single run)	5.05	0.168	18.58	1.37x

Reviewer-facing benchmark files for this comparison live in examples/ltx-video-benchmark/, including:

• Summary table with gen_time_s, time_per_step_s, peak_memory_gb, and speedup
• Consolidated JSON results in examples/ltx-video-benchmark/benchmark_results.json
• OpenCode run outputs in examples/ltx-video-benchmark/trace/opencode_live/results.json
• OpenCode parsed trace in examples/ltx-video-benchmark/trace/opencode_live/opencode_trace_result.json

R9700 Additional Validation

Test	Result
Transformers injection (TinyLlama 1.1B)	PASS — 45 RMSNorm patched, 99.9 tokens/s
HuggingFace Kernels Hub integration	PASS — Hub kernel loads and runs on ROCm
Local Triton vs Hub kernel (small shape)	Local 5.92x vs Hub 1.27x (lower launch overhead)
Local Triton vs Hub kernel (large shape)	Local 3.59x vs Hub 3.57x (comparable)
num_warps sweep (2/4/8/16/32)	Default heuristic (4/8/16) is near-optimal; nw=32 always worst
rocprof kernel fusion analysis	Triton fuses 4 PyTorch kernels (pow+mean+rsqrt+mul) into 1

CUDA Reference (H100, for comparison)

Shape	Custom (ms)	PyTorch (ms)	Speedup
[1×1024×2048]	0.019	0.065	3.37x
[2×4096×3072]	0.087	0.208	2.41x

H100 E2E: ~6% (RMSNorm is ~5% of total compute).

Optimization Targets

Kernel	MI355X	R9700	Target	Priority
RMSNorm	1.71x	2.90x	>3x (R9700)	P0 — MI355X bandwidth util (44%→60%+)
AdaLN	2.22x	3.00x	>3.5x (R9700)	P1 — already strong on both
GEGLU	1.43x	1.69x	>2x	P1 — tanh overhead
RoPE 3D	1.21x	2.09x	>2.5x (R9700)	P2 — small head_dim launch overhead

Common Issues on ROCm

Issue	Symptom	Fix
Autotune BLOCK_D	Wrong results (max_abs 4-8+)	Never autotune BLOCK_D. Use triton.next_power_of_2(D)
RoPE batch OOB	GPU crash (Memory access fault)	Use pid_s % seq_len for cos/sin indexing
tl.libdevice	Not found on AMD	Use manual math formulas
tl.tanh / tl.math.tanh	Not on ROCm	Manual: e2x=exp(2x); (e2x-1)/(e2x+1)
Python min/max	Runtime error	tl.minimum()/tl.maximum()
LDS overflow	HIP OOM	Reduce num_stages to 2
Weight is None	AttributeError	Check elementwise_affine
isinstance() miss	RMSNorm not patched	Use type(module).__name__

See troubleshooting.md for all common issues.

Performance Profiling

rocprof --stats python your_kernel.py
rocprofv3 -i metrics.txt python your_kernel.py
rocm-bandwidth-test
rocminfo | grep -E "Name|Compute Unit|Wavefront"

See Also

Benchmark & Test Scripts

• benchmark_kernels.py - Micro-benchmark all 4 kernels (correctness + perf + bandwidth)
• benchmark_e2e.py - End-to-end LTX-Video pipeline benchmark (baseline vs Triton vs compile)
• sweep_num_warps.py - num_warps sweep for R9700 Wave32 optimization
• ltx_kernel_injection_example.py - Minimal diffusers injection example
• transformers_injection_example.py - Minimal transformers injection example
• huggingface_kernels_example.py - HuggingFace Kernels Hub integration example

Integration Guides

• diffusers-integration.md - LTX-Video pipeline integration
• transformers-integration.md - LLaMA/Mistral/Qwen integration
• huggingface-kernels-integration.md - HuggingFace Kernels Hub (get_kernel)
• kernel-templates.md - Complete Triton kernel templates (incl. GEMM with XCD Swizzle)

GPU Optimization Guides

• mi355x-optimization-guide.md - MI355X (gfx950) deep dive
• r9700-optimization-guide.md - R9700 (RDNA4) deep dive

Reference

• troubleshooting.md - Common issues and solutions
• kernelbench-classification.md - KernelBench operator taxonomy
• skill-evaluation-methodology.md - How to evaluate and improve skills
• kernel-agent-knowledge-base.md - Knowledge from kernel-agent project

External Resources

• Triton Documentation
• ROCm Documentation
• HuggingFace Kernels Hub
• LTX-Video on HuggingFace
• HuggingFace Diffusers