migrate-to-vinext

Migrate Next.js to vinext

vinext reimplements the Next.js API surface on Vite. Existing app/, pages/, and next.config.js work as-is — migration is a package swap, config generation, and ESM conversion. No changes to application code required.

FIRST: Verify Next.js Project

Confirm next is in dependencies or devDependencies in package.json. If not found, STOP — this skill does not apply.

Detect the package manager from the lockfile:

Lockfile	Manager	Install	Uninstall
pnpm-lock.yaml	pnpm	pnpm add	pnpm remove
yarn.lock	yarn	yarn add	yarn remove
bun.lockb / bun.lock	bun	bun add	bun remove
package-lock.json or none	npm	npm install	npm uninstall

Detect the router: if an app/ directory exists at root or under src/, it's App Router. If only pages/ exists, it's Pages Router. Both can coexist.

Quick Reference

Command	Purpose
vinext check	Scan project for compatibility issues, produce scored report
vinext init	Automated migration — installs deps, generates config, converts to ESM
vinext dev	Development server with HMR
vinext build	Production build (multi-environment for App Router)
vinext start	Local production server
npx @vinext/cloudflare deploy	Build and deploy to Cloudflare Workers
vp exec vinext-cloudflare deploy	Build and deploy to Cloudflare Workers with Vite+

Phase 1: Check Compatibility

Run vinext check (install vinext first if needed via npx vinext check). Review the scored report. If critical incompatibilities exist, inform the user before proceeding.

See references/compatibility.md for supported/unsupported features and ecosystem library status.

Phase 2: Automated Migration (Recommended)

Run vinext init. This command:

1. Runs vinext check for a compatibility report
2. Installs vite as a devDependency (and @vitejs/plugin-rsc for App Router)
3. Adds "type": "module" to package.json
4. Renames CJS config files (e.g., postcss.config.js → .cjs) to avoid ESM conflicts
5. Adds dev:vinext and build:vinext scripts to package.json
6. Generates a minimal vite.config.ts
7. Adds /dist/ and .vinext/ to .gitignore

This is non-destructive — the existing Next.js setup continues to work alongside vinext. Use the dev:vinext script to test before fully switching over.

If vinext init succeeds, skip to Phase 4 (Verify). If it fails or the user prefers manual control, continue to Phase 3.

Phase 3: Manual Migration

Use this as a fallback when vinext init doesn't work or the user wants full control.

3a. Replace packages

# Example with npm:
npm uninstall next
npm install vinext
npm install -D vite
# App Router only:
npm install -D @vitejs/plugin-rsc

3b. Update scripts

Replace all next commands in package.json scripts:

Before	After	Notes
next dev	vinext dev	Dev server with HMR
next build	vinext build	Production build
next start	vinext start	Local production server
next lint	vinext lint	Delegates to eslint/oxlint

Preserve flags: next dev --port 3001 → vinext dev --port 3001.

3c. Convert to ESM

Add "type": "module" to package.json. Rename any CJS config files:

• postcss.config.js → postcss.config.cjs
• tailwind.config.js → tailwind.config.cjs
• Any other .js config that uses module.exports

3d. Generate vite.config.ts

See references/config-examples.md for config variants per router and deployment target.

If the project already has custom Vite config, prefer Vite 8-native keys when editing it: oxc, optimizeDeps.rolldownOptions, and build.rolldownOptions. Older esbuild and build.rollupOptions settings still work for now but are migration targets.

Pages Router (minimal):

import vinext from "vinext";
import { defineConfig } from "vite";
export default defineConfig({ plugins: [vinext()] });

App Router (minimal):

import vinext from "vinext";
import { defineConfig } from "vite";
export default defineConfig({ plugins: [vinext()] });

vinext auto-registers @vitejs/plugin-rsc for App Router when the rsc option is not explicitly false. No manual RSC plugin config needed for local development.

3e. Update .gitignore

Ensure vinext-generated output and caches are ignored:

/dist/
.vinext/

Phase 4: Deployment (Optional)

Option A: Cloudflare Workers (recommended for Cloudflare)

If the user wants to deploy to Cloudflare Workers, use npx @vinext/cloudflare deploy. With Vite+, use vp exec vinext-cloudflare deploy when running the locally installed bin. It builds and deploys via wrangler.

For manual setup or custom worker entries, see references/config-examples.md.

Cloudflare Bindings (D1, R2, KV, AI, etc.)

To access Cloudflare bindings (D1, R2, KV, AI, Queues, Durable Objects, etc.), use import { env } from "cloudflare:workers" in any server component, route handler, or server action:

import { env } from "cloudflare:workers";

export default async function Page() {
  const result = await env.DB.prepare("SELECT * FROM posts").all();
  return <div>{JSON.stringify(result)}</div>;
}

This works because @cloudflare/vite-plugin runs server environments in workerd, where cloudflare:workers is a native module. No custom worker entry, no getPlatformProxy(), no special configuration needed. Just import and use.

Bindings must be defined in wrangler.jsonc. For TypeScript types, run wrangler types.

IMPORTANT: Do not use getPlatformProxy(), getRequestContext(), or custom worker entries with fetch(request, env) to access bindings. These are older patterns. cloudflare:workers is the recommended approach and works out of the box with vinext.

Option B: Other platforms (via Nitro)

For deploying to Vercel, Netlify, AWS, Deno Deploy, or any other Nitro-supported platform, add the Nitro Vite plugin:

npm install nitro

// vite.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from "vite";
import vinext from "vinext";
import { nitro } from "nitro/vite";

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [vinext(), nitro()],
});

Build and deploy:

NITRO_PRESET=vercel npx vite build    # Vercel
NITRO_PRESET=netlify npx vite build   # Netlify
NITRO_PRESET=deno_deploy npx vite build  # Deno Deploy
NITRO_PRESET=node npx vite build      # Node.js server

Nitro auto-detects the platform in most CI/CD environments, so the preset is often unnecessary.

Note: For Cloudflare Workers, Nitro works but the native integration (npx @vinext/cloudflare deploy / vp exec vinext-cloudflare deploy / @cloudflare/vite-plugin) is recommended for the best developer experience with cloudflare:workers bindings, KV caching, and one-command deploys.

Phase 5: Verify

1. Run vinext dev to start the development server
2. Confirm the server starts without errors
3. Navigate key routes and check functionality
4. Report the result to the user — if errors occur, share full output

See references/troubleshooting.md for common migration errors.

Known Limitations

Feature	Status
next/image optimization	Remote images via @unpic; no build-time optimization
next/font/google	CDN-loaded, not self-hosted
Domain-based i18n	Not supported; path-prefix i18n works
next/jest	Not supported; use Vitest
Turbopack/webpack config	Ignored; use Vite plugins instead
runtime / preferredRegion	Route segment configs ignored
PPR (Partial Prerendering)	Use "use cache" directive instead (Next.js 16 approach)

Anti-patterns

• Do not modify app/, pages/, or application code. vinext shims all next/* imports — no import rewrites needed.
• Do not rewrite next/* imports to vinext/* in application code. Imports like next/image, next/link, next/server resolve automatically.
• Do not copy webpack/Turbopack config into Vite config. Use Vite-native plugins instead.
• Do not skip the compatibility check. Run vinext check before migration to surface issues early.
• Do not remove next.config.js unless replacing it with next.config.ts or .mjs. vinext reads it for redirects, rewrites, headers, basePath, i18n, images, and env config.
• Do not use getPlatformProxy() or custom worker entries for bindings. Use import { env } from "cloudflare:workers" instead. This is the modern pattern and works out of the box with vinext and @cloudflare/vite-plugin.
• For Cloudflare Workers, prefer the native integration over Nitro. npx @vinext/cloudflare deploy / vp exec vinext-cloudflare deploy / @cloudflare/vite-plugin provides the best experience with cloudflare:workers bindings, KV caching, and image optimization. Nitro works for Cloudflare but the native setup is recommended.