web-quality-audit

bởi addyosmani

Kiểm tra chất lượng web toàn diện bao gồm hiệu suất, khả năng tiếp cận, SEO và các phương pháp tốt nhất. Sử dụng khi được yêu cầu "kiểm tra trang web của tôi", "đánh giá chất lượng web", "chạy kiểm tra lighthouse", "kiểm tra chất lượng trang" hoặc "tối ưu hóa trang web của tôi".

npx skills add https://github.com/addyosmani/web-quality-skills --skill web-quality-audit

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Web quality audit

Comprehensive quality review based on Google Lighthouse audits. Covers Performance, Accessibility, SEO, and Best Practices across 150+ checks.

Lighthouse v13 note (Oct 2025+). Lighthouse has migrated the Performance category from per-opportunity audits to Performance Insight Audits (announcement). Several individual audit names this skill historically referenced — First Meaningful Paint, No Document Write, Uses Passive Event Listeners, Uses Rel Preload — have been removed or merged. The underlying advice is unchanged and still applies; only the report format moved. The CLS-related audits ("layout shifts", "non-composited animations", "unsized images") are now consolidated into a single cls-culprits-insight, and image audits are merged into image-delivery-insight. Treat older Lighthouse JSON output as a superset, not a contradiction.

How it works

Analyze the provided code/project for quality issues
Categorize findings by severity (Critical, High, Medium, Low)
Provide specific, actionable recommendations
Include code examples for fixes

Audit categories

Performance (40% of typical issues)

Core Web Vitals — Must pass for good page experience:

LCP (Largest Contentful Paint) < 2.5s. The largest visible element must render quickly. Optimize images, fonts, and server response time.
INP (Interaction to Next Paint) < 200ms. User interactions must feel instant. Reduce JavaScript execution time and break up long tasks.
CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift) < 0.1. Content must not jump around. Set explicit dimensions on images, embeds, and ads.

Resource Optimization:

Compress images. Use WebP/AVIF with fallbacks. Serve correctly sized images via srcset.
Minimize JavaScript. Remove unused code. Use code splitting. Defer non-critical scripts.
Optimize CSS. Extract critical CSS. Remove unused styles. Avoid @import.
Efficient fonts. Use font-display: swap. Preload critical fonts. Subset to needed characters.

Loading Strategy:

Preconnect to origins. Add <link rel="preconnect"> for third-party domains.
Preload critical assets. LCP images, fonts, and above-fold CSS.
Lazy load below-fold content. Images, iframes, and heavy components.
Cache effectively. Long cache TTLs for static assets. Immutable caching for hashed files.

Accessibility (30% of typical issues)

Perceivable:

Text alternatives. Every <img> has meaningful alt text. Decorative images use alt="".
Color contrast. Minimum 4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text (WCAG AA).
Don't rely on color alone. Use icons, patterns, or text alongside color indicators.
Captions and transcripts. Video has captions. Audio has transcripts.

Operable:

Keyboard accessible. All functionality available via keyboard. No keyboard traps.
Focus visible. Clear focus indicators on all interactive elements.
Skip links. Provide "Skip to main content" for keyboard users.
Sufficient time. Users can extend time limits. No auto-advancing content without controls.

Understandable:

Page language. Set lang attribute on <html>.
Consistent navigation. Same navigation structure across pages.
Error identification. Form errors clearly described and associated with fields.
Labels and instructions. All form inputs have associated labels.

Robust:

Valid HTML. No duplicate IDs. Properly nested elements.
ARIA used correctly. Prefer native elements. ARIA roles match behavior.
Name, role, value. Interactive elements have accessible names and correct roles.

SEO (15% of typical issues)

Crawlability:

Valid robots.txt. Doesn't block important resources.
XML sitemap. Lists all important pages. Submitted to Search Console.
Canonical URLs. Prevent duplicate content issues.
No noindex on important pages. Check meta robots and headers.

On-Page SEO:

Unique title tags. 50-60 characters. Primary keyword included.
Meta descriptions. 150-160 characters. Compelling and unique.
Heading hierarchy. Single <h1>. Logical heading structure.
Descriptive link text. Not "click here" or "read more".

Technical SEO:

Mobile-friendly. Responsive design. Tap targets ≥ 48px.
HTTPS. Secure connection required.
Fast loading. Performance directly impacts ranking.
Structured data. JSON-LD for rich snippets (Article, Product, FAQ, etc.).

Best practices (15% of typical issues)

Security:

HTTPS everywhere. No mixed content. HSTS enabled.
No vulnerable libraries. Keep dependencies updated.
CSP headers. Content Security Policy to prevent XSS.
No exposed source maps. In production builds.

Modern Standards:

No deprecated APIs. Replace document.write, synchronous XHR, etc.
Valid doctype. Use <!DOCTYPE html>.
Charset declared. <meta charset="UTF-8"> as first element in <head>.
No browser errors. Clean console. No CORS issues.

UX Patterns:

No intrusive interstitials. Especially on mobile.
Clear permission requests. Only ask when needed, with context.
No misleading buttons. Buttons do what they say.

Severity levels

Level	Description	Action
Critical	Security vulnerabilities, complete failures	Fix immediately
High	Core Web Vitals failures, major a11y barriers	Fix before launch
Medium	Performance opportunities, SEO improvements	Fix within sprint
Low	Minor optimizations, code quality	Fix when convenient

Audit output format

When performing an audit, structure findings as:

## Audit results

### Critical issues (X found)
- **[Category]** Issue description. File: `path/to/file.js:123`
  - **Impact:** Why this matters
  - **Fix:** Specific code change or recommendation

### High priority (X found)
...

### Summary
- Performance: X issues (Y critical)
- Accessibility: X issues (Y critical)
- SEO: X issues
- Best Practices: X issues

### Recommended priority
1. First fix this because...
2. Then address...
3. Finally optimize...